Scabies and Lice Infestations in Gaza: Risk Factors and Public Health Challenges During the 2023–2024 Conflict

The recent conflict in Gaza has fostered conditions that facilitate the spread of both infectious and non-infectious diseases. The impact has been catastrophic, with tens of thousands of casualties, extensive damage to public and private buildings, and the destruction of water and sewage systems as well as desalination plants. Furthermore, hospitals and healthcare centers have been obliterated, and ∼80% of Gaza’s population has been forced into overcrowded displacement camps that are severely lacking in necessities. This review aims to shed light on the proliferation of scabies and lice during the conflict by providing a thorough analysis of relevant statistics and research. It also seeks to examine the potential risk factors contributing to this outbreak. The findings indicate a high prevalence of scabies and lice, driven by extreme overcrowding in the camps, disruptions in sewage and water systems, limited access to personal hygiene products due to import restrictions, and broader socio-economic issues. To mitigate further deterioration, the study recommends that relevant organizations provide essential cleaning and sterilization materials, medicines, and medical supplies. It is also crucial to enhance awareness among the displaced population regarding scabies and lice, and to promote effective methods for controlling and preventing these conditions.