The Impact of Different Nutrients on Obesity and the Progress of the Application of Diet in Its Management

With the improvement of living standards and lifestyle changes, obesity has become a major global public health concern, closely linked to various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Nutrient intake plays a crucial role in obesity development and management. This review explores the effects of macronutrients and micronutrients on obesity and examines the progress in dietary pattern applications for weight control. Protein intake is essential for satiety, energy metabolism, and muscle maintenance, while fat type and proportion significantly influence obesity risk. Carbohydrates and micronutrients, such as vitamin D, also contribute to obesity-related metabolic processes. Additionally, dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet and low-carbohydrate diet, have shown benefits in weight control. While existing studies provide valuable insights, this review highlights the need for further research on personalized obesity management, considering factors such as age, gender, genetics, and environmental interactions. Future studies should focus on individualized dietary strategies to enhance obesity prevention and treatment. Understanding the complex relationship between diet and obesity can help develop more effective interventions, providing scientific guidance for weight management and overall health improvement.