Comparison of lower-leg muscle activation and establishment of muscle activation patterns during single-leg stance under various instability conditions in healthy active subjects: a cross-sectional study

Multiple differences in muscle activation were observed between conditions and among muscles. Notably, the tibialis anterior and the peroneus showed the greatest differences between conditions and the highest activation levels on the Blackboard. Additionally, forefoot supination and rearfoot eversion configurations induced selective activation of the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus, respectively, highlighting their usefulness for isolating specific muscle contractions.