Research on Intellectual Property Protection in the International Cooperation of the New Energy Vehicle Industry under the Background of the "Belt and Road" Initiative

Under the Belt and Road Initiative, China's new energy vehicle (NEV) industry faces a complex and dynamic legal and intellectual property (IP) protection environment in international cooperation. This study explores the impact of industrial policies and legal frameworks in Belt and Road countries on the IP protection of Chinese NEV companies, focusing on core technologies such as electronic control systems. Through a literature review, case studies, surveys, and expert interviews, the study identifies key IP risks faced by Chinese companies in international cooperation and outlines response strategies. It also compares IP protection laws in key Belt and Road countries, including Indonesia, Egypt, Brazil, and Italy. The findings highlight that IP protection is critical in technology transfer, market competition, and cross-border cooperation, and strengthening legal frameworks and international collaboration is essential for managing IP risks. Based on the research results, the study proposes practical and forward-looking IP protection strategies to support Chinese companies' cooperation and development in Belt and Road countries, offering theoretical and practical guidance for policymakers and industry associations.