Beyond the Landlords: Exploring Perceptual Attributes and Benefits of Science Parks from an Ecosystem Perspective

Policy makers and academia have explored many ways and instruments to spur economic development, and there have been stronger initiatives to promote innovation over the past decades [1].Science Park (SP) is one such initiative used to stimulate technology transfer and economic advancement.The UK SP Association [2] defines SP as "a business support and technology transfer initiative that: (1) encourages the growth and development of innova-Science Parks (SPs) are expected to boost the growth and capabilities of their tenant companies, most research on their performance focuses on the outcomes or performance of these companies.However, SPs are in social ecosystems with responsibilities to a range of stakeholders, including tenant companies, the community, residents, and employees.This paper explores how different stakeholders evaluate SPs, and the relations between perceptual attributes and benefits from the perspective of stakeholders.We took Zizhu national SP as a case study and found that this relationship is affected by the heterogeneity of various factors, including the type and size of the company, the respondent's role, and the position of employees etc.We identify the top three attributes and three benefits and explored their relations.This paper provides a detailed and nuanced view of their roles within the broader ecosystem.