Thunderscapes: Simulating the Dynamics of Mesoscale Convective System

A Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) is a collection of thunderstorms operating as a unified system, showcasing nature’s untamed power. They represent a phenomenon widely referenced in both the natural sciences and the visual effects (VFX) industries. However, in computer graphics, visually accurate simulation of MCS dynamics remains a significant challenge due to the inherent complexity of atmospheric microphysical processes. To achieve a high level of visual quality while ensuring practical performance, we introduce Thunderscapes , the first physically based simulation framework for visually realistic MCS tailored to graphical applications. Our model integrates mesoscale cloud microphysics with hydrometeor electrification processes to simulate thunderstorm development and lightning flashes. By capturing various thunderstorm types and their associated lightning activities, Thunderscapes demonstrates the versatility and physical accuracy of the proposed approach.