Role of Serum Vitamin D Level in Migraine Headache in Jordanian Women: Case-Control Study

Background: Migraine is a prevalent and disabling primary headache disorder that has a major impact on quality of life. Recent literature has hinted towards a possible relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and the pathogenesis of migraine. However, there is limited information on this association in Jordanian women. Case Summary: This case-control study was conducted at one of the tertiary care hospitals in Amman, Jordan, Jordanian women, between March 2021 and March 2022, consisted of 50 female migraine patients (cases) and 50 age-matched healthy women (controls). Serum vitamin D was determined and compared between the groups. Key Findings: Mean serum vitamin D level of the migraine group was found to be significantly lower (14.3 ± 4.2 ng/mL) than the control group (23.7 ± 5.6 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was also found in 80% of migraineurs compared with 42% of healthy subjects. The findings of this study indicate an inverse association between serum levels of vitamin D and occurrence of migraine. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency might be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine in Jordanian women. Vitamin D status screening and adequate supplementation could be a potential preventive method to control migraine.