Vitiligo and associated comorbidities: a case–control study in the All of Us database

Recent research has established an association between vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases. Given the systemic inflammation, there are likely other comorbidities with vitiligo that are not as well established. We identified 1074 patients with vitiligo and 4296 matched controls in the US All of Us database. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 29 selected comorbid conditions for patients with vitiligo compared with matched controls. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to adjust P-values. In logistic regression, patients with vitiligo had significantly increased likelihoods of atherosclerotic disease (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.48-2.14, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.50-2.03, P < 0.001) and hyperlipidaemia (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.99-2.72, P < 0.001). Patients with vitiligo additionally carried a significant bone and joint, autoimmune, endocrine and psychiatric comorbidity burden. This convergence highlights the multifaceted nature of vitiligo, prompting a need to investigate therapeutic approaches capable of addressing both vitiligo and its varied comorbidities.