The synergy of exercise and a planned diet in mitigating oxidative stress

Living organisms maintain their structure and integrity via physiological homeostasis that in turn is maintained via various anabolic and catabolic reactions based on oxidation and reduction. During these aerobic cellular reactions free radicals are produced that play important roles in energy production and cellular communication as regulatory mediators in signalling process. Regular physical activity/exercise according to a number of comprehensive reviews is associated with positive short- and long-term health benefits. Exercise results in increased metabolic activity of contracting skeletal muscles leading to complex multidimensional changes in numerous cells, tissues and organs challenging whole body homeostasis. It is reported to induce generation of excessive free radicals that may enhance oxidative stress. Although free radicals generating exercise adaptations via signalling the upregulation of antioxidant defence have been reported, excess of radical generation can result in detrimental effects. The aim of this review is therefore to explore the synergistic effect of exercise and whole diet rich in antioxidants as it may provide multicomponent ingredients rather than single dosages of antioxidant to protect the body from oxidative stress. The finding suggests that the integration of a nutrient-dense, anti-oxidant rich diet with a structured exercise regimen can provide a synergistic approach in mitigating oxidative stress. It can be concluded that diet-integrated exercise planning enhances cellular protection, accelerates recovery and helps in attaining optimal health by supporting immune function.