Automated Irrigation System for Precision Farming

Abstract – This paper presents a smart plant monitoring and irrigation system utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with ultrasonic and soil moisture sensors. The system detects the presence of plants using an ultrasonic sensor and receives real-time leaf health status from a camera module. Based on the leaf condition—underwatered, overwatered, or healthy—the system autonomously measures soil moisture and activates a water pump through a relay to irrigate dry plants. In case of overwatering, an alert buzzer is triggered. A servo motor is employed to dip and lift the moisture sensor for accurate soil readings. The robot moves forward continuously, stopping only to monitor and irrigate plants as needed. This automated approach optimizes water usage, improves plant health monitoring accuracy, and reduces manual intervention in agricultural practices. Keywords - IoT, Soil Moisture Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Plant Monitoring