The role of social support in improving the performance and well-being of Malaysian Paralympic athletes

Background and study aim. This study explores the experiences and challenges faced by elite wheelchair basketball athletes in Malaysia in accessing social support and examines its impact on their athletic performance and psychological well-being. Material and methods. A qualitative ethnographic approach was adopted, with data collected through observation and in-depth interviews with five elite athletes at the Kg Pandan Paralympic Centre of Excellence. Results. The findings revealed four primary forms of social support received by athletes: emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support. Support from family members, teammates, coaches, and sports institutions played a crucial role in enhancing emotional stability, motivation, and athletic performance. However, barriers such as discontinuity of post-program support, social stigma, and financial limitations diminished the overall effectiveness of the support received. Conclusions. The study emphasizes the importance of developing a more holistic and strategic support system, including structured post-program services and financial subsidies, to sustain the long-term growth of Paralympic athletes. These findings contribute to theoretical insights, policy development, and greater public awareness regarding the vital role of social support in promoting adaptive sports in Malaysia.