Incidence and prognosis of pediatric kidney malignant tumors diagnosed from 2010 to 2021: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–based study

Pediatric kidney parenchymal malignant tumor (KPMT) is a common primary tumor. We conducted this study to characterize the incidence proportions and prognosis of Wilms tumor and non-Wilms tumors (NWTs). We collected 1739 patients under the age of 18 who were diagnosed with KPMT from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2021, and divided them into two groups to analyze. The incidence rate of Wilms tumor (85.1%) is significantly higher than NWT (14.9%). The proportion of Wilms tumor decreases with age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78-0.84], and is gradually replaced by NWT. Male (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47-0.90), Asian (vs. White, OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.26-0.81) had significantly lower odds of Wilms tumor. In addition, Wilms tumor had the lower odds of initial diagnosis at the regional stage (vs. localized, OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.98), bone metastasis (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03-0.24), and brain metastasis (OR = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.001-0.068) than NWT, but the higher odds of lung metastasis (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.42-6.62) and larger size of tumor (OR = 1.009, 95% CI = 1.005-1.012). NWT is associated with a significantly higher mortality than Wilms tumor ( P < 0.01). Patients with later stage and major organ involvement are significantly associated with a higher mortality ( P < 0.01). Surgery significantly improved the prognosis of patients with Wilms tumor and NWT.