Adsorption of methylene blue using <i>Ixora coccinea</i> leaf: unveiling the extraordinary potential for sustainable wastewater treatment

Abstract The uncontrolled release of synthetic dyes into aquatic ecosystems poses a significant challenge, requiring the development of effective and eco-friendly methods for wastewater treatment. In this pioneering study, we explore the untapped potential of Ixora coccinea leaf as a natural adsorbent to tackle the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions, offering a sustainable and efficient solution for wastewater purification. Through a systematic series of experiments encompassing various pH levels, contact times, and adsorbent dosages, we unravel the remarkable adsorption capabilities of I. coccinea leaf, transforming it into an invaluable resource for combating methylene blue contamination. The results demonstrate an exceptional affinity between the I. coccinea leaf and methylene blue, defying expectations and surpassing conventional adsorbents. The equilibrium adsorption data conform fittingly to the renowned Langmuir isotherm model, indicating the occurrence of a monolayer adsorption process. Impressively, the maximum adsorption capacity is determined to be 9.26 mg g −1 , underscoring the unprecedented sorption potential of I. coccinea leaf in removing methylene blue. Optimizing the pH conditions is critical in the adsorption process, with an optimized pH range of 7.3 showcasing the peak efficiency of I. coccinea leaf as an adsorbent. Furthermore, an in-depth examination of adsorption kinetics reveals the dominance of the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting a chemisorption mechanism. The rapid rate of adsorption emphasizes the efficacy of I. coccinea leaf as a formidable adsorbent for treating wastewater laden with methylene blue. Exploring the molecular interactions, Fourier-transform infra-red analysis unravels the intricate involvement of various functional groups in driving the adsorption process. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy images vividly depict the morphological changes occurring on the adsorbent surface. This groundbreaking exploration of I. coccinea leaf’s potential invites us to embrace its versatility in sustainable wastewater treatment. The extraordinary attributes of I. coccinea leaf transcend traditional methodologies, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for large-scale adsorption processes. The optimization of regeneration techniques and further research are encouraged to fully exploit the practical feasibility of this natural wonder for industrial applications. By harnessing the power of I. coccinea leaf, we embark on a transformative journey toward preserving our environment, ensuring a cleaner and healthier future for generations to come.