The role of fear and competition in the dynamic of the prey-predator-scavenger system

This paper expands some previous studies of the prey − predator − scavenger model to address the role of fear of predation and competition by providing a new biological model. Investigations were conducted into the characteristics of the solution. Local stability criteria of the equilibrium points were examined. The model’s persistence requirements were determined. The Lyapunov function technique was used to establish the global stability conditions. Based on the Sotomoyar approach, the likelihood of local bifurcation occurring was examined. Lastly, numerical simulations were used to confirm our findings. The model is found to exhibit a variety of behaviors, including a stable point, 2D periodic dynamic, and even bi-stable behavior.