High-sensitivity double-D shaped photonic crystal fiber biosensor with rectangular split core for early cancer detection in various human organs

Abstract This study presents and evaluates a novel double-D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor with a rectangular split core, designed for rapid cancer diagnosis in skin, adrenal gland, cervical, blood, and breast tissues by differentiating the refractive indices of healthy and malignant cells. The cladding features five rings of air holes in circular and elliptical shapes, while the central region contains three rectangular strip air holes intended for sample analyte insertion. The sensing performance is assessed by quantifying the dip wavelength shift in the transmission spectra between cancerous and normal cells. The proposed biosensor is modeled and analyzed through simulations performed using the finite element method in COMSOL multiphysics. Mathematical analysis indicates that the biosensor achieves a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 16 571.42 nm RIU −1 for blood cancer cells. This high-sensitivity PCF biosensor offers a promising approach for early cancer detection.