Beamforming for 6G ISAC Systems:A Comparative Study of Reconfigurable Holographic Surfaces and Phased Array Antennas

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is emerging as a pivotal technology for next-generation 6G networks, enabling simultaneous wireless communication and environmental sensing. This paper investigates the integration of Reconfigurable Holographic Surfaces (RHS) and phased array antennas within ISAC systems to enhance both functionalities. The proposed system leverages RHS to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic wave reflections, improving communication coverage and sensing accuracy. A comparative analysis is conducted between RHS and phased array beamforming models, emphasizing advancements in beamforming precision, interference suppression, and spectral efficiency. Numerical simulations demonstrate that RHS-based ISAC significantly outperforms conventional phased arrays, achieving up to an 8 dB Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) enhancement in high-element configurations. The findings highlight RHS as a scalable and efficient technology for ISAC applications, underscoring its potential for future wireless communication systems. Further research is necessary to optimize hardware implementations and develop advanced beamforming algorithms for real-world deployment.