Benefits and barriers of vertical greenery systems in Delhi: Evaluating design professionals’ perceptions

Abstract Vertical greenery systems (VGSs) have emerged as promising nature-based solutions to address climate change challenges in urban areas. However, their widespread adoption in Indian cities faces apprehensions among key stakeholders. This study investigated the perceptions and attitudes of design professionals towards VGSs in Delhi through an empirical survey. An online questionnaire was administered to 390 professionals, including architects, landscape architects, urban planners, and VGS vendors. Using exploratory factor analysis, this study identified the key determinants influencing professional attitudes toward VGS adoption. While professionals broadly recognize their contributions to public health and environmental quality, significant reservations persist regarding their economic viability and ecological sustainability. Despite acknowledging VGSs' capacity to mitigate urban heat islands and reduce building energy consumption, industry professionals consistently identified three primary barriers to widespread adoption: substantial costs, high maintenance, and insufficient regulatory frameworks. A qualitative assessment of the participants’ responses revealed that client reluctance predominantly stems from these challenges, indicating the need for targeted interventions. The findings illuminate the complex socio-technical dynamics that influence VGS adoption, particularly the intersection of technological innovation, stakeholder perspectives, and policy frameworks. Recommendations encompass financial incentives, educational initiatives, and focused research to facilitate the integration of VGSs into sustainable urban development strategies.