Research Advances in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD)是一种常见的儿童神经发育障碍，严重影响患者的生活质量和学业成就，给家庭和社会带来一定的负担，传统治疗方法(如药物治疗和社会心理行为疗法)有一定疗效，但存在副作用和个体差异等问题。经颅直流电刺激(Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, tDCS)是目前应用最广泛的一种非侵入性神经调节技术，为物理治疗的一种，因其安全性和可操作性受到广泛认可，但ADHD治疗相关的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文在回顾大量现有文献，分析ADHD发病机制和原理的基础上，从治疗机制、安全性、刺激参数等方面对近年来tDCS治疗ADHD的相关研究进行了总结，以期为ADHD的干预提供新的思路和方法。Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children, significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and academic performance, imposing considerable burdens on families and society. While conventional treatments such as pharmacotherapy and psychosocial behavioral interventions demonstrate partial efficacy, they are associated with side effects and individual variability. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), currently the most extensively applied non-invasive neuromodulation technique, offers physical therapeutic potential. Its recognized safety profile and operational feasibility have garnered widespread acceptance, though research on ADHD treatment remains in its nascent stage. This review synthesizes existing literature and analyzes ADHD’s pathogenic mechanisms to systematically evaluate recent tDCS studies in ADHD management, encompassing therapeutic mechanisms, safety considerations, and stimulation parameters. The findings aim to provide novel insights and methodological advancements for ADHD intervention strategies.