Research Advances in Eosinophils and Associated Cytokines in Bronchial Asthma

哮喘是一种以慢性气道炎症为特征的异质性疾病。临床表现为喘息、气促、胸闷和咳嗽等症状，这些症状随时间和强度而变化，且哮喘的气流受限是可逆的。哮喘的发病率呈逐年上升趋势，因此如何精准有效地控制及治疗是我们应该关注的重点。嗜酸性粒细胞作为核心成分参与了多种类型哮喘发病全过程，对其水平的监测能够充分反映患者气道炎症变化情况，对于患者病情评估具有重要的临床价值。现对嗜酸性粒细胞及其相关因子在支气管哮喘的国内外研究进展作一概述，为支气管哮喘的治疗提供理论依据。Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Its clinical manifestations include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough, with symptoms varying in intensity and duration over time. Notably, asthma-associated airflow limitation is reversible. The escalating global prevalence of asthma underscores the urgency to prioritize precise and effective disease management and treatment strategies. Eosinophils, as a central component, are involved throughout the pathogenesis of various asthma subtypes. Monitoring eosinophil levels provides critical insights into dynamic changes in airway inflammation, offering substantial clinical value for disease assessment and therapeutic decision-making. This article synthesizes current domestic and international research advancements on eosinophils and their related factors in bronchial asthma, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for optimizing asthma treatment protocols.