Advances and breakthroughs in single-cell nucleic acid omics

Cellular heterogeneity is fundamental to functional specialization, precise regulation, and environmental adaptability in multicellular organisms.Traditional bulk sequencing often captures average signals from cell populations, making it difficult to identify individual differences and obscuring important subpopulations and dynamic regulatory events.In contrast, single-cell omics technologies offer high-resolution profiling of various molecular layers at the individual cell level, uncovering the complex nature of cellular states.These technologies have progressed from transcriptomics to encompass epigenomics, spatial omics, and integrated multi-omics methods.This review focuses on the latest advancements in single-cell sequencing technologies, highlighting significant breakthroughs and innovations in the field.