Phytoremediation Ecological Technology of Cadmium Contaminated In Soil Using Bidens pilosa L.: A Plant With High Pharmacological Activity

B. pilosa L., a widely distributed herbaceous plant, particularly abundant in Vietnam, is recognized for its dual utility as a food source and medicinal resource. This study explores the potential of B. pilosa L. as a phytoremediation species for cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil, offering a cost-effective and sustainable solution to heavy metal pollution. Over a 60-day experiment, the plant exhibited resilience and steady growth at Cd concentrations of 0–500 mg/kg, although growth was inhibited at 700 mg/kg, with visible signs of leaf wilting. Cadmium accumulation was predominantly observed in the roots, accounting for 49.2% of the total uptake, approximately three times higher than in the leaves. Although the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of roots was below 1 (0.038–0.054), indicating limited uptake efficiency, the translocation factor (TF) ranged from 1.088 to 1.397, reflecting the plant’s strong ability to translocate Cd from roots to aerial parts. These findings highlight the potential of B. pilosa L. as a viable species for cadmium remediation and provide a basis for further research into its application in managing contaminated environments effectively.