THE ISSUE OF MOBILITY AND THE ROAD NETWORK WITHIN CITIES AND THEIR SURROUNDING AREAS: CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF SOUR EL GHOZLANE, BOUIRA PROVINCE, ALGERIA

This paper examines urban transport issues in the historic city of Sour El-Ghozlane, located in the interior region of Algeria. It focuses on the limitations of transport infrastructure and the city's isolation due to a surrounding wall constructed during the Roman period in the 16th century BC, later restored between 1846 and 1862. While this wall has contributed to Sour El- Ghozlane 's status as a prime tourist destination, it has also created challenges in mobility, which has hindered local development. The ease of movement and road network density are crucial for facilitating economic, social, and cultural exchanges between urban and rural areas, which is essential for local growth. Like many Algerian cities, Sour El-Ghozlane has experienced significant urban and population expansion, leading to increased traffic congestion and an insufficient road network that no longer meets the needs of both drivers and pedestrians. Data from surveys and traffic statistics highlight the urgent need for improvements in transportation connectivity, road management, and infrastructure. The study proposes solutions such as creating a more organized road network, enhancing traffic signal systems, and designing consistent intersections. It also recommends urban planning measures like road expansion, tree planting, and promoting alternative fuel use and soft mobility. Furthermore, the planned railway line project is expected to stimulate regional and economic growth while preserving the city’s historical heritage and addressing modern transportation needs. The development of an efficient road network is crucial for sustainable and inclusive local development and will promote the growth of domestic tourism in Algeria. The relationship between technological development and heritage preservation, as demonstrated by the challenges facing ancient cities such as Sour al-Ghozlane, is a topic of wide debate in contemporary academic circles. Through this scholarly article, which is primarily based on a field study of the road network and passenger and pedestrian traffic, we conclude that the shape and size of the road network in ancient urban areas have become unsuitable for modern transportation. They cannot accommodate the large flows of passengers and pedestrians resulting from population growth, nor do they accommodate the various reasons for travel (work, tourism, shopping, etc.). Therefore, developing the old centers of historic cities requires prioritizing investment in transportation.