Influencing Factors and Health Management of Postpartum Depression in Women during the Puerperium

目的：了解产褥期女性的生理、心理特点，多方面探讨产后抑郁症的相关影响因素，提出针对产褥期女性产后抑郁症的健康管理措施，从而优化产后抑郁症这一日益突出的公共卫生问题的早期识别与干预，提升临床治疗效果。方法：通过检索知网、万方、维普、PubMed等数据库中与产后抑郁症相关的文章，检索词为“产褥期”、“产后抑郁”；同时检索近20年的相关文献资料、书籍，检索词为“抑郁”、“健康管理”，从中纳入有价值的中英文文献资料，排除重复报告研究、存在质量缺陷研究以及非相关性研究，最终纳入45篇文献。结果：根据文献分析，产后抑郁症的发生和产前诊断结果、年龄、既往精神病史、产程进展、激素水平以及其他因素有关。从健康宣教和导乐分娩两个方面以及通过生活方式管理、运动管理、饮食管理、中医适宜技术、情志管理等方式可以有效干预以及管理产后抑郁症。结论：近年来，产后抑郁症的发病率增高，且产后抑郁症对于产妇自身和婴儿成长都存在不良影响。产后抑郁症的发生与产前、产时、产后诸多因素相关，通过产褥期的早期预防可以及时发现产后抑郁的危险因素，对已明确患有产后抑郁症的患者进行健康管理可以明显改善抑郁症状。Objective: To understand the physiological and psychological characteristics of women during the puerperal period, explore the related influencing factors of postpartum depression from multiple perspectives, and propose health management measures for postpartum depression in puerperal women. This aims to optimize the early identification and intervention of postpartum depression, a growing public health concern, and enhance clinical treatment outcomes. Methods: Relevant articles on postpartum depression were retrieved from databases such as CNKI, WFSD, VIP Database and PubMed, using keywords like “puerperal period” and “postpartum depression”. Additionally, literature and books published over the past 20 years were searched using keywords like “depression” and “health management”. Valuable Chinese and English-language literature was included, while duplicate reports, studies with quality defects, and non-relevant studies were excluded. Ultimately, 45 studies were included. Results: According to literature analysis, the occurrence of postpartum depression was related to prenatal diagnosis, age, previous psychiatric history, labor progression, hormone levels, and other factors. From the two aspects of health education and doula delivery, as well as through lifestyle management, exercise management, diet management, appropriate techniques of Chinese medicine, emotional management, etc., it can effectively intervene and manage postpartum depression. Conclusion: In recent years, the incidence of postpartum depression has increased, and postpartum depression has adverse effects on the mother and the baby’s growth. The occurrence of postpartum depression is related to many factors before, during and after childbirth, and the risk factors for postpartum depression can be detected in time through early prevention during the puerperium, and health management of patients with postpartum depression can significantly improve depressive symptoms.