Impact of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Mental Health Outcomes in Adult Pakistanis

Objective: To investigate the impact of CMP on gastrointestinal symptoms and mental health outcomes among adult Pakistanis. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2024, with 500 adults aged 18–60 years experiencing Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain (CMP) for at least six months. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data online covering demographics, pain characteristics, GI symptoms, and mental health status. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 26, using chi-square tests to explore associations between CMP with GI and Mental health outcomes. Results: The study included 270 males (54%) and 230 females (46%), with an average age of 40±5 years. Nearly half (44%) reported pain lasting 1–5 years, predominantly in the lower back (44%) and neck (30%), with 64% experiencing daily pain. Gastrointestinal symptoms were prevalent, with abdominal pain (50%), bloating (40%), and constipation (36%) reported frequently. Additionally, 44% of participants often felt anxious, while 36% experienced depressive symptoms. Pain frequency and severity increases were significantly associated with GI and mental health problems (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CMP in Pakistani people has been associated with a high frequency of mental health and gastrointestinal problems, suggesting the importance of coordinated strategies for treatment. Managing these comorbidities through multimodal pain care and mental health assistance can help achieve better health outcomes. Keywords: Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain, Mental health, Gastrointestinal symptoms