Industrial applications of selected <i>JFS</i> articles

Industrial applications of selected JFS articlesFD&C Red No. 3, also known as Erythrosine, is a synthetic red dye that has been used in a variety of food, drug, and cosmetic products.Its history is intertwined with the development of food safety regulations and the evolving understanding of the health impacts of synthetic dyes.In the United States, the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act of 1938 established a regulatory framework for food additives, including color additives.FD&C Red No. 3 was one of the original colorants approved for use under this act.The dye has been widely used in a variety of products, including candies, baked goods, maraschino cherries, and even some medications and cosmetics.Its bright, cherryred color and stability in different pH conditions made it useful in a range of applications.By the 1970s and 1980s, studies began to raise concerns about the safety of FD&C Red No. 3. Research suggested that high doses of the dye could cause thyroid tumors in rats.In 1990, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the use of FD&C Red No. 3 in cosmetics and externally applied drugs due to these health concerns.However, it remained approved for use in foods and ingested drugs, with restrictions.On January 15, 2025, the FDA revoked the authorization for the use of FD&C Red No. 3 as a matter of law, based on the Delaney Clause of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act).The FDA is amending its color additive regulations to no longer allow for the use of FD&C Red No. 3 in food and ingested drugs in response to a 2022 color additive petition.The FDA estimates that FD&C Red No. 3 is not as widely used in food and drugs when compared to other certified colors based on information available in third-party food product labeling databases, food manufacturers' websites and other public information, and the FDA's certification data.FD&C Red No. 3 has been primarily used in certain food products, such as candy, cakes and cupcakes, cookies, frozen desserts, and frostings and icings, as well as certain ingested drugs.Manufacturers who use FD&C Red No. 3 in food and ingested drugs will have until January 15, 2027, or January