Immunohistochemical Profiling in Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsies for Lymphoma Diagnosis

Objective: To investigate special stains in lymphoma trephine biopsy material. Methodology: This was a descriptive Cross-Sectional study conducted at Pak International Medical College and its affiliated hospital from 2021 to 2022. This study included a total of 20 cases that underwent trephine biopsy. To reach a final ultimate diagnosis, many specific stains and immunostains were used. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the significance and utility of these specific staining techniques. Results: Among the patient cohort, sixteen were male, while the rest were female. The patients had an average age of 41.8 years with a standard deviation of 12.5 years. The utilization of immunohisto- chemical (IHC) analysis on trephine biopsy samples significantly contributed to the identification of lymphomatous infiltration and enabled further subtyping. In contrast, conventional staining methods such as H&E and Giemsa identified lymphomatous bone marrow involvement in only 8 out of the 22 cases (36.4%). Among the subset of 20 patients for whom subtyping was feasible, 12 (60.9%) were diagnosed with B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL), 5 (19.7%) with T-cell Non-Hodgkin Lym- phoma (T-NHL), and the remaining 3 (7.8%) exhibited lymphocyte-rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Conclusion: The utilization of specific stains and immunohistochemical analysis on trephine biopsy material in lymphoma cases has been shown to significantly improve the accuracy of lymphoma diagnosis. Keywords: Bone marrow, Immunohistochemistry, Biopsy, Lymphoma