The Three Dimensions of the Natural View in Marx’s “<i>Notes on Anthropology</i>” and Its Practical Significance

马克思于《人类学笔记》这一重点探讨人类文明发展趋向的文本中，包含了大量体现人与自然原始和谐关系的描述，以“自然环境”为基础，说明了“生存技术”与“习惯制度”二者间的必然联系和相互作用。本文就实践、历史和资本三个维度来归纳马克思于《笔记》中对人与自然关系的认识与处理，并指出原生形态文明中的自然关系对当今我国社会进行生态文明建设的借鉴作用，为我国重建人与自然的相互关系提供原始文明基因。Marx’s text “Notes on Anthropology”, which focuses on the development trend of human civilisation, contains many descriptions that reflect the primitive harmonious relationship between humans and nature. Based on the “natural environment”, it illustrates the connection and interaction between “survival implement” and “habitual system”. And this article summarises Marx’s understanding and handling of the relationship between humans and nature in the “Notes” on the three dimensions of practice, history and capital, points out that the natural relationship in the original form of civilisation plays a reference role in the construction of ecological civilisation in today’s Chinese society, and provides a model of primitive civilisation for China to rebuild the mutual relationship between man and nature.