Classifications of methods and techniques for evacuating the wounded on the battlefield

This mini-review explores the major aspects of battlefield casualty evacuation as a critical element of military medical support. It emphasizes the need for a wide range of skills, from tactical medicine to high physical fitness, along with the capacity to function coherently in high-stress environments. The paper identifies three primary evacuation methods: prone, standing, and special techniques used in scenarios involving enemy fire or mined terrain. Specific techniques (pulling aside, carrying, and sling evacuation) are described in detail, as well as their peculiarities in various combat scenarios. Depending on the tactical situation, the transport capabilities of the evacuation groups, and the terrain, evacuation from the forward edge of the combat area is conducted by motor vehicles, armored combat vehicles, and air transport. The authors further emphasize the significance of synchronized communication among military personnel and the necessity for a consistent approach to evacuation training. The paper concludes with an analysis of casualty evacuation to the rear, focusing on the complex nature of the tasks and the importance of a systematic approach to increase the effectiveness of rescue operations and ensure the preservation of personnel lives.