Novel Approaches of Drug Delivery System for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are forms of IBD, which is a long term disease that features repeated inflammation of the colon. However, its precise cause is still unknown; this disease seems to be caused by genetic susceptibility, immune dysfunction, and influences of bacterial organisms. Current treatments aim to control disease progression and alleviate symptoms through corticosteroids immunosuppressants, and 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs). However, conventional oral, parenteral, and rectal drug delivery methods often present challenges, such as poor specificity and systemic side effects. To overcome these limitations, innovative drug delivery systems are being explored to enhance targeting of inflamed tissues and reduce systemic exposure. Nanoparticles, which adhere to mucosal layers and penetrate inflamed sites, have emerged as a promising approach. Lipid-based systems like liposomes, prodrugs such as modified 5-ASA derivatives, and hybrid nanoparticles are being investigated for their ability to improve drug distribution and efficacy. Additionally, leukosomes, specialized carrier systems that modulate inflammation, have shown potential in preclinical models. This review provides an overview of these advanced drug delivery strategies, highlighting their potential to optimize IBD treatment .