Preserving heritage through a novel framework for the adaptive reuse of Mediterranean earthen houses

The adaptive reuse of Mediterranean earthen houses presents a critical challenge in balancing heritage preservation with contemporary functionality. This study proposes a novel framework for adaptive reuse, integrating theoretical principles with case-based analysis. Four representative cases —Alhambra in Spain, Ghadames in Libya, KTMMOB Chamber of Architects Main Building in North Cyprus, and Sheikh Hilal Beehive Houses in Syria— were analyzed based on six key dimensions: preservation of structural and aesthetic integrity, functional adaptation and minimal intervention, environmental efficiency and structural reinforcement, flexibility and adaptability, community engagement and cultural relevance, and compliance with documentation and economic revitalization. The study adopts a case study methodology, utilizing architectural documentation, photography, and existing datasets for data collection. The findings highlight that while these structures inherently support environmental efficiency and cultural significance, challenges such as structural vulnerabilities, modernization pressures, and limited economic integration hinder their adaptive reuse. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach for evaluating and guiding future preservation efforts. This research contributes to the field by bridging theoretical models with practical applications, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and conservation professionals aiming to sustain and repurpose Mediterranean earthen heritage.