ASSESSMENT OF PANCREATIC Β-CELL FUNCTION AND METABOLIC PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE KAZAKH POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases, characterized by progressive β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In Kazakhstan, the increasing prevalence of T2DM highlights the need for effective strategies for early diagnosis and metabolic control. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 newly diagnosed T2DM patients of Kazakh ethnicity. Anthropometric measurements and metabolic markers (fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, HOMA- %B) were analyzed. Statistical analysis included parametric and non-parametric methods, such as the Mann-Whitney test and regression analysis. Results. The median age of participants was 50 years [40–59.5]. A correlation was observed between insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR, indicating significant insulin resistance. Patients with elevated HbA1c levels exhibited reduced β-cell function. Multiple regression analysis identified insulin level, waist-to-hip ratio, and HbA1c level as key predictors of C-peptide levels (R² = 0.753, p < 0.001). Discussion. The identified associations confirm the importance of early detection of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The findings align with global research and emphasize the need for a personalized approach to managing T2DM patients in Kazakhstan. Conclusion. Optimizing diagnostic and metabolic monitoring strategies will enhance the effectiveness of T2DM management and reduce the risk of complications.