Marine‐derived nutrients shape the functional composition of High Arctic plant communities

Abstract Low temperatures and nutrient limitation have shaped Arctic plant communities, which are now affected by biome‐wise changes in both climate and nutrient cycling. Rising temperatures are favouring taller plant species with more resource‐acquisitive traits across the Arctic tundra. Simultaneously, declines in seabird populations may reduce subsidies of marine‐derived nutrients to terrestrial ecosystems, potentially favouring more resource‐conservative plant traits. It is crucial to understand the consequences of these concurrent changes in climate and marine‐derived nutrient inputs from seabirds for the functional composition and roles of Arctic plant communities. We use a 'space‐for‐time approach' to compare the functional composition of vascular plant communities across two elevational gradients in High Arctic Svalbard, one where climate is the major environmental driver and one influenced by nutrient input from a seabird colony. We assess changes in 13 traits related to plant size, leaf economics and nutrient cycling along the two gradients, and we also explore the relative contributions of species turnover and intraspecific variation to total trait variation across and between the gradients. Elevation per se had little impact on the plant functional composition. Instead, plants at the top of the seabird nutrient gradient, closest to the nesting sites, were taller and had resource‐acquisitive trait values, such as larger and thicker leaves and higher leaf nutrient contents. Enriched soil δ 15 N‰ signatures at these sites correlated with resource‐acquisitive values of leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf phosphorous content and with enriched leaf δ 15 N‰ signatures. This variation in leaf economic traits and isotopes was largely driven by intraspecific variation at the nutrient gradient, whereas species turnover dominated at the reference gradient. Our results are consistent with marine‐derived nutrient subsidies from seabirds being a major driver of functional trait variation in Arctic vegetation. Ongoing declines in seabird populations may therefore affect terrestrial primary producer communities in the Arctic and beyond, with potentially important but unknown implications for biodiversity, consumer and decomposer communities, and ecosystem processes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Publication Details

Journal
Functional Ecology
Published
2025-05-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.70056
Citations
3
Primary Topic
Marine and coastal plant biology
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
5.38

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article

Marine‐derived nutrients shape the functional composition of High Arctic plant communities

Simone I. Lang, Aud H. Halbritter, Richard J. Telford, Julia Kemppinen et al.
3 citations
Functional Ecology
Marine and coastal plant biology
5.38
article

Marine‐derived nutrients shape the functional composition of High Arctic plant communities

Simone I. Lang, Aud H. Halbritter, Richard J. Telford, Julia Kemppinen, Kari Klanderud, Mary C. Linabury, Yadvinder Singh Malhi, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Brian Joseph Enquist, Matiss Castorena, Pernille Bronken Eidesen, Karolína Pánková, Yaoqi Li, Kai Lepley, Vigdis Vandvik, Pekka Niittynen, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Ruben E. Roos, Polly Bass, Brian Maitner, Barbara M. Neto‐Bradley, Jonathan J. Henn, Eleanor R. Thomson, Sean T. Michaletz, Molly Ng, Marc Macias‐Fauria, Inge Althuizen, Marcus P. Spiegel, Siri Vatsø Haugum, Lucely L. Vilca‐Bustamante
article en
3 citations

Abstract

Abstract Low temperatures and nutrient limitation have shaped Arctic plant communities, which are now affected by biome‐wise changes in both climate and nutrient cycling. Rising temperatures are favouring taller plant species with more resource‐acquisitive traits across the Arctic tundra. Simultaneously, declines in seabird populations may reduce subsidies of marine‐derived nutrients to terrestrial ecosystems, potentially favouring more resource‐conservative plant traits. It is crucial to understand the consequences of these concurrent changes in climate and marine‐derived nutrient inputs from seabirds for the functional composition and roles of Arctic plant communities. We use a 'space‐for‐time approach' to compare the functional composition of vascular plant communities across two elevational gradients in High Arctic Svalbard, one where climate is the major environmental driver and one influenced by nutrient input from a seabird colony. We assess changes in 13 traits related to plant size, leaf economics and nutrient cycling along the two gradients, and we also explore the relative contributions of species turnover and intraspecific variation to total trait variation across and between the gradients. Elevation per se had little impact on the plant functional composition. Instead, plants at the top of the seabird nutrient gradient, closest to the nesting sites, were taller and had resource‐acquisitive trait values, such as larger and thicker leaves and higher leaf nutrient contents. Enriched soil δ 15 N‰ signatures at these sites correlated with resource‐acquisitive values of leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf phosphorous content and with enriched leaf δ 15 N‰ signatures. This variation in leaf economic traits and isotopes was largely driven by intraspecific variation at the nutrient gradient, whereas species turnover dominated at the reference gradient. Our results are consistent with marine‐derived nutrient subsidies from seabirds being a major driver of functional trait variation in Arctic vegetation. Ongoing declines in seabird populations may therefore affect terrestrial primary producer communities in the Arctic and beyond, with potentially important but unknown implications for biodiversity, consumer and decomposer communities, and ecosystem processes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Functional EcologyVol. 39(6)
Santa Fe Institute (US), Carnegie Museum of Natural History (US), University of Helsinki (FI), University of Arizona (US), University of Alaska Fairbanks (US), University of British Columbia (CA), University of Iceland (IS), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (US), University of Oslo (NO), University of Colorado Boulder (US), Charles University (CZ), University of Cambridge (GB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (NO), National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco (PE), University of Oxford (GB), NORCE Research AS (NO), Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany (CZ), Finnish Museum of Natural History (FI), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NO), University of Bergen (NO), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NO), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (CN), University of South Florida St. Petersburg (US), Norwegian Polar Institute (NO), Colorado State University (US), University of Jyväskylä (FI)
Colorado State University, Helsingin Yliopisto, University of South Florida, Santa Fe Institute, University of Oxford, Akademie Věd České Republiky, Universitetet i Bergen, Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Universitetet i Oslo, Háskóli Íslands, Norges Forskningsråd, Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet, Norsk Polarinstitutt, Nature, Directorate for Biological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bjerknessenteret for klimaforskning, Universitetet i Bergen
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Marine and coastal plant biology
5.38
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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