The diagnosis and treatment of SIBO in Latin America

The small intestine normally harboured a limited amount of bacteria, but in SIBO there was an abnormal proliferation of microorganisms, especially in the jejunum. This condition generated various symptoms such as abdominal distension, diarrhoea and malabsorption, which made it difficult to diagnose. The lactulose or glucose breath test has become established as a useful non-invasive technique for its detection, although its implementation in Latin America presented challenges related to access, standardisation and professional training. Appropriate treatment included antibiotics such as rifaximin, a specific diet and prokinetics to prevent relapses. Despite the progress made, obstacles persisted in the region that required further research and the strengthening of clinical guidelines.