<i>Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens</i> and its enhancement effect on the anti-inflammatory function of CII/Gln in MIA-induced osteoarthritis by protecting the intestinal barrier and gut microecology

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a globally chronic disease affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals, with growing evidences implicating gut microbiota in its pathogenesis. <i>Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens</i> ZW3 (ZW3) shows potential in modulating gut microbiota, protecting intestinal barrier, and regulating immunity. This study explored the therapeutic effects of ZW3, alone and combined with CII/Gln, using a monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA model. Results indicated that ZW3 significantly mitigated cartilage damage and inflammation alone or combined with CII/Gln, possibly by improving intestinal integrity, reduced oxidative stress, and regulated MMPs expression. 16S rDNA sequencing showed ZW3, especially with CII/Gln, increased beneficial bacteria of <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> and <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> abundances. Furthermore, ZW3 or with CII/Gln elevated SCFAs levels in intestinal contents in OA rats. These findings propose a novel probiotic-based strategy, potentially combined with functional foods, for OA intervention and treatment.