Assessment and forecasting of particulate matter emissions and structural health monitoring of buildings in Bangalore

Particulate Matter (PM) emissions have emerged as a critical global concern due to rapid urbanisation, increased vehicular traffic, and construction activities. These emissions not only harm human health and the environment but also degrade building materials, posing a threat to infrastructure. This study focuses on assessing PM emissions, forecasting Air Quality Index (AQI) levels, and evaluating the structural health of buildings in Bangalore. Data from 12 monitoring stations across the city, collected between 2013 and 2021, were analysed to identify key pollutants, seasonal variations, and their impact on buildings. The study reveals that PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are the primary pollutants, with concentrations peaking during summer and winter, while monsoon seasons show lower levels. A forecasting model with 93% accuracy was developed to predict AQI levels, demonstrating a strong correlation between predicted and actual values. Structural health monitoring, conducted using Non-Destructive Testing methods, highlights significant deterioration in buildings located in high-pollution areas, such as the Peenya Industry and K.R. Market. The findings underscore the urgent need for measures to mitigate pollution's impact on both public health and infrastructure. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners to develop targeted strategies for improving air quality and preserving building integrity in rapidly urbanising cities.