Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Cases of Cranioencephalic Trauma Admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital Center in Bamako

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health problem worldwide. Numerous epidemiological studies conducted in the West and Africa have shown that the incidence of TBI varies from one country to another. This incidence is higher in developing countries where technical and financial management remains difficult. We focused on this subject with the aim of studying its epidemiology and clinical features in the neurosurgery department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital in Bamako. The methodology used was the retrospective analysis of all the files of patients admitted for TBI. A questionnaire was completed for a comprehensive description of the study variables. Results: The study allowed us to identify 334 patients including 272 men and 62 women. The average age was 19 ± 17.5 years. Initial loss of consciousness was observed in 79.6% of cases, wearing caste in 1.2%, road accidents in 67.1% and headaches in 37.4%. Road accidents were the most frequent cause and the collision mechanisms Motorcycle-motorcycle and motorcycle-pedestrian were the most recorded (20.4%). Patients under 15 years old were the most affected with 3.8% while 87.7% were under 50 years old. The most frequently encountered lesions were splint fractures, extradural hematomas, and subdural hematomas. Treatment was medical and surgical, depending on the case. The outcome was favorable in the majority of our patients.