The effectiveness of motor learning through the Montessori approach in improving early childhood literacy skills

Introduction. Low motor skills lead to low cognitive and affective abilities in children. This research focuses on the effectiveness of motor learning through educational game activities with the Montessori approach to improve preschool children's reading, writing, and counting skills. The basis of this research problem is the impact of technological advances, especially in the era of globalization, where children are more dominant in using digital games than engaging in activities that can improve motor skills. The study aims. To explore how the effectiveness of the Montessori method can enhance the understanding of reading, mathematics, and science concepts in early childhood, especially those aged 3–6 years. Materials and methods. This study was conducted in two cycles using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative research) at Kiddyland Gym and Preschool, involving 20 children aged 3–6 years. The research used a mixed methods approach, including surveys and interviews. The research instruments used educational games (motor learning) such as storytelling with dance movements adapted to the story's theme, and number games where children performed an obstacle course game aimed at improving cognitive abilities related to numbers and simple calculations. Finally, children were taught finger painting to enhance fine motor skills while learning science through colour media. Results. The results showed that (1) children enthusiastically sang and moved to the song Baby Shark, which attracted their attention in a fun way. (2) In the obstacle game, despite passing through obstacles, the children remained focused on answering questions from the researcher with the trainer's guidance, even doing more repetitions than planned. (3) The finger painting activity encouraged some children to be creative with their hands, although some felt uncomfortable with the coloured dirt. (4) The storytelling activity with interactive dance served as a fun communication medium between children and trainers and enhanced language learning. Conclusion. This research concludes that educational games involving physical movement are the best choice for improving children's reading, counting, science experiences, and socialization through the Montessori approach.