End-of-Life Care Training for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in Ghana: A Novel Curriculum and Its Initial Implementation

The implementation and practice of palliative medicine have numerous boundaries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stemming from various cultural, legal, and religious concerns. Additionally, professional education in palliative care medicine in these countries is severely lacking, especially when compared with developed countries. <b>Background/Objectives</b>: To enhance and demystify palliative medicine practice to health care providers in LMICs. <b>Methods</b>: We developed a novel and comprehensive course in palliative care medicine and end-of-life (EOL) care, specifically within the context of management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We performed both immediate pre-course and post-course analysis of course participant comprehension and feedback, as well as a one-year post-course analysis and small group discussion. <b>Results</b>: The comprehension of the course material was strong, as participants scored an average of 13.9 points better on the post-test compared to the pre-test (49.6% vs. 35.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants in the one-year follow-up session reported long-term applicability of the course material in their respective practice settings, with all participants reporting that they utilize the course material often. Small group discussion responses indicated a strong level of comprehension of the course material. <b>Conclusions</b>: Providing education in palliative medicine to health care professionals in LMICs is feasible, and likely to be both well-received and strongly influential to local medical practice. Local cultural and religious practices may be less of a barrier to the provision of palliative medicine than previously considered. Practicing palliative medicine, particularly at EOL, may strengthen patient-provider relationships, improve job satisfaction among health care providers, and improve the perception of medical care provided in LMIC medical settings.