Harnessing Ocean Power: Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Marine Innovation

The marine environment poses distinct challenges and possibilities for technological advancement. Triboelectric nanogenerators have proven to be a promising answer, utilizing the triboelectric effect to convert mechanical energy into electrical power. The review delves into the multiple uses of TENGs in marine environments, showcasing their capacity to transform the collection of energy from waves, the operation of autonomous underwater vehicles, anti-biofouling systems, selfpowered sensors, and desalination technologies powered by waste. TENGs provide a scalable, efficient, and cost-effective approach to producing sustainable energy through wave energy harvesting. AUVs gain advantages from TENGs in terms of improved self-sufficiency and energy efficiency, allowing for extended mission durations and decreased reliance on external power supplies. TENG-based anti-biofouling systems counter marine biofouling by generating electric fields, thus safeguarding marine infrastructure and sensors. Self-powered sensors that incorporate TENGs enable real-time tracking of environmental factors, all of which are essential for marine research and conservation efforts. Furthermore, TENG-driven desalination systems utilise mechanical energy from marine waste to produce drinkable water, thus resolving environmental pollution and water scarcity. The review highlights the pivotal role of TENGs in driving marine innovation forward, promoting sustainability, and tackling key issues in the marine environment.