Bioactive Compounds from Dodonaea viscosa Flowers: Potent Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Effects in Breast Cancer Cells

<i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> (Sapindaceae), a Hawaiian local medicinal plant, has been traditionally used to treat rashes and skin diseases. The study aimed to discover and characterize bioactive compounds from <i>D. viscosa</i> flowers extract with antimicrobial and antitumor properties. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of <i>D. viscosa</i> flowers, and their structures were characterized using spectroscopy data, comparing their NMR spectroscopic profiles with previously reported data. Subsequent antibacterial assays revealed that one particular compound, <b>12</b>, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, it demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL, indicating its potent antibacterial potential. In addition to antimicrobial properties, the isolated compounds demonstrated dose-dependent antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cell lines. Notably, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cell lines, a highly aggressive subtype, were more sensitive to compound <b>6</b>, with IC₅₀ values of 4.22 μM (BCX-010), 6.74 μM (SUM190), and 7.73 (SUM149), compared to non-IBC cell line. These findings highlight the dual antibacterial and anticancer potential of compounds from <i>D. viscosa</i>, emphasizing their promise as candidates for therapeutic development.