Aspectos epidemiológicos e distribuição espacial dos casosde infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii em gestantes no estadode Sergipe, Brasil

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect humans and other warm-blooded animals. In humans, when contracted during pregnancy, it poses a significant public health concern due to the risk of vertical transmission. This transmission can lead to miscarriage or severe complications for the fetus and newborn. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological aspects and patterns of spatial distribution of the occurrence of T. gondii infection in pregnant women reported in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, between 2019 and 2021. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study using spatial analysis techniques of reported cases of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy in the state of Sergipe. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, with absolute and relative frequencies of categorical variables, and for spatial analysis; the Kernel intensity estimator was used. Results: The cases primarily involved young, low-educated, single adult women of brown ethnicity residing in urban areas. Most were multiparous and consumed untreated water, raw or undercooked beef, and unprocessed vegetables. Spatial analysis revealed cases across all state regions, with clustering observed in certain municipalities. Conclusion: Low educational levels and socioeconomic conditions may increase women's vulnerability to risk; hinder preventive care and be directly associated with the incidence of gestational toxoplasmosis. This study provides an epidemiological and spatial characterization of cases, offering valuable insights to inform discussions and guide the development of new public health and educational policies.