A Review: Lung Cancer

Lung cancer continues to be one of the most common and deadly types of cancer in the world, accounting for a sizable amount of cancer-related deaths. It is often divided into two types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the former originating mostly in the respiratory tract's epithelial lining. About 85% of cases are NSCLC, while SCLC is more aggressive and spreads more quickly. Lung cancer has a complex aetiology, with tobacco use being the main risk factor, followed by exposures at work, genetic predispositions, and environmental contaminants. The asymptomatic aspect of the early stages frequently prevents early detection, which results in a poor prognosis and delayed treatment. Early detection rates have increased thanks to sophisticated diagnostic tools like biomarkers, imaging techniques, and biopsy-based approaches. Lung cancer continues to be one of the most common and deadly types of cancer in the world, accounting for a sizable amount of cancer-related deaths. It is often divided into two types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the former originating mostly in the respiratory tract's epithelial lining. About 85% of cases are NSCLC, while SCLC is more aggressive and spreads more quickly. Lung cancer has a complex aetiology, with tobacco use being the main risk factor, followed by exposures at work, genetic predispositions, and environmental contaminants. The asymptomatic aspect of the early stages frequently prevents early detection, which results in a poor prognosis and delayed treatment. Early detection rates have increased thanks to sophisticated diagnostic tools like biomarkers, imaging techniques, and biopsy-based approaches. Keywords: Lung cancer, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), Pathogenesis, Diagnosis,