Optimization the efficacy of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria via genetic engineering

Increasing agricultural (crop) production is mandatory because the world's human population is increasing alarmingly. The Green Revolution occurred in the latter decades of the twentieth century to complete this agricultural sector. This has caused a worldwide boom in the agricultural sector, but it has created problems such as deterioration of the biological and physicochemical health of arable soil. To overcome this concern, finding an alternative solution was mandatory. Among these solutions, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as crop inoculants is the best because it might promote the sustainable intensification of agriculture to feed the rapidly growing population worldwide. The success of PGPR in practical environments is often questionable because of inadequate root establishment and a short lifespan in foreign soil, a lack of specific host resistance, and, occasionally, poor genetic control, which can impede the beneficial growth-promoting traits of plants. Therefore, engineering and subsequent transfer of plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits into selected efficacious rhizobacteria isolates or entire bacterial rhizosphere communities is a powerful strategy for generating improved PGPR tailored for agricultural use. Therefore, the present study reviewed the optimization of the efficacy of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria via genetic engineering.