Impact of aflatoxin B1-exposure on the genotoxic potential of larval extracts of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), housefly (Musca domestica) and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus)

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)-contaminated crops could serve as insect feed without affecting growth and survival of black soldier fly (BSFL), housefly (HFL), and lesser mealworm (LMW) larvae. However, the genotoxic safety of larvae reared on AFB₁-contaminated substrate remains uncertain. This study assessed the genotoxic effects of larvae reared on 0, 20, and 200 µg/kg AFB₁ spiked substrate through in vitro testing. AFB₁ and metabolites were analysed in the feed substrate, larvae and residual material using a LC-MS/MS-based method. Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of larval extracts were assessed using the Ames MPF™ assay (mini-Ames assay), Ames test, and in vitro micronucleus assay. RESULTS: indicated no effect on survival and biomass for all insects and no bioaccumulation of AFB₁. Species-specific AFB₁ metabolism appeared to occur. HFL exhibited no cytotoxic or genotoxic potential. Further research is required for BSFL and LMW, due to matrix effects and incompatibility with the used in vitro tests.