A comprehensive analysis and prevention model of urban gas indoor explosion accidents

• A 5-subsystem model offers a systematic solution for urban gas explosions. • Users contribute ∼73% to accident prevention; safety awareness is key. • Top 5 measures cover 58.5% importance; top 10 reach 80% – guides prioritization. • Integrated FTA, STA, and AHP improve risk analysis accuracy and comprehensiveness. • Model enables dynamic feedback, adapting to evolving conditions continuously. Urban gas indoor explosions in China account for 70% of gas accidents and 95% of related casualties, highlighting the necessity for effective preventive measures. This study presents an innovative comprehensive analysis and prevention model designed to dissect accident mechanisms, identify root causes, evaluate preventive measures, and prioritize actions. The model integrates five subsystems: accident mechanism analysis, root cause tracing, preventive measures analysis, evaluation index construction, and prevention effectiveness evaluation, operationalized through six steps. In H City's application, users were found to contribute approximately 73% to overall prevention importance. Key responsibilities include emergency response proficiency, ensuring adequate ventilation, and adhering to safe usage practices. Findings emphasize enhancing user safety knowledge and skills, alongside targeted resource allocation. The top 5 preventive measures account for 58.5% of the total importance, and the top 10 cover up to 80%, highlighting the necessity for focused prioritization. Conversely, the contribution of the last 10 preventive measures is less than 4%. Recommendations for stakeholders—government departments, gas enterprises, and users—are provided to enhance safety education, quality control, regular inspections, and adoption of safe practices. This model offers a replicable framework for improving public safety in urban areas facing similar challenges, providing practical insights through targeted interventions.