Cyber-Physical Systems for Predictive Maintenance Monitoring of Legacy CNC Machine Tools Toward Industry 4.0 Environment

CNC machine tools are essential equipment in modern industry, and maintaining their operational condition is critical to ensuring production efficiency and product quality. Traditionally, maintenance strategies have relied on corrective and preventive actions. However, predictive maintenance is gaining importance with the advent of new technologies and the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Despite its advantages, the high costs associated with predictive maintenance still limit its widespread adoption. This study proposes a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) model for monitoring CNC machine tools. To this end, critical subsystems and related variables were identified, appropriate sensors were selected, and a hardware monitoring system was designed. Implementing the CPS will enable early fault detection, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.