Design and Analysis of a Low-Cost Device for Detecting Prime Factors of Fire Ignition in Environment

In order to mitigate environmental hazards of sudden fire breakout like landfill fire, it is essential to identify harmful gases in the surrounding that can cause fire ignition. Wireless sensor networks for gas detection employ linked sensors to continuously monitor several sites, giving a comprehensive view of the surroundings. In the work presented in this paper, a device is designed that can detect dangerous gases indoors and outdoors, collect data, and analyze variances in gas levels. The designed device is able to detect CO₂ (carbon dioxide), CH₄ (methane), smoke, temperature, and humidity. A cloud-based dashboard on Adafruit IO has been used to store and analyze the data. The device has been validated by performing a laboratory-based study with increasing concentration of reactants (using sodium acetate and sodium hydroxide as reactants of CH₄ gas generation) in the laboratory. A direct correlation between reactant concentration and CH₄ generation has been observed, which indicates the robust working of the device. After device validation, real-time case studies have been conducted to check the pattern of CH₄ gas generation in different scenarios.