SCAPS-1D simulation of RbGeI3-based solar cells with gradient doping and no hole transport layer

In order to explore efficient and non-toxic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a study was conducted utilizing the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) to investigate the efficiency of PSCs with a gradient-doped RbGeI3 absorption layer, without the inclusion of a hole transport layer. The effects of factors such as absorption layer thickness, doping concentration, gradient doping profile, sub-layer number, and defect density on PSC performance were simulated and optimized. After optimization, the efficiency of PSCs reached 28.81%, a remarkable increase of 175.4% compared to the initial efficiency of 16.42%. The PSCs with gradient-doped RbGeI3 demonstrated excellent performance and promising application prospects, providing an effective and insightful approach for future research on fully inorganic, high-efficiency, and non-toxic PSCs.