Impact of energy storage response delay on power system frequency response metrics

When facing disturbances, renewable energy systems can effectively suppress grid frequency fluctuations through the participation of energy storage devices. However, response delay issues are inevitably encountered in the control process. This study delves into the impact of such delays on the maximum frequency deviation under grid-following frequency regulation control strategies. Specifically, under the droop control strategy, response delays lead to an increase in the maximum frequency difference. In contrast, under the virtual inertia control, when response delays increase, the maximum frequency deviation first decreases and then increases, achieving an optimal value at a specific delay setting. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the variation patterns of the optimal response delay in virtual inertia control strategies under different parameter conditions. The findings of this study help elucidate the specific impacts of response delays on frequency control effectiveness, providing technical support for practical applications aimed at enhancing the stability and reliability of renewable energy systems. Through a detailed analysis of these influencing factors, we can better understand how to optimize the control strategies of energy storage devices to adapt to various operating conditions and requirements.