Comparative study of thermally intense cilia and non-cilia generated motion of Ellis’s fluid by using MATHEMATICA 14.1

Abstract The flow of non-Newtonian fluids is commonly used in many biological systems such as the transport of foods through the digestive sector, circulations of the blood, and motion of the urine from the bladder to the kidney, etc. Motivated by the applications of non-Newtonian fluids in various biological systems, the objective of this research is to examine the comparative analysis of ciliated and non-ciliated walls in a two-phase flow of Ellis fluid model through a horizontal tube under the impact of the thermal radiation and viscous dissipation by using the WOLFRAM MATHEMATICA 14.1. The fluid and particle suspension models are developed in terms of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations with the help of the Ellis fluid model. The dimensionless quantities are utilized to convert the problem into dimensionless form. The assumption of long-wavelength approximation and low-Reynolds number are employed to simplify and generate the exact solution through WOLFRAM MATHEMATICA. The calculated results revealed that the heat transfer rate is increased by 12 % and 25 % against the variation in volume concentration of particle and Brinkman number, respectively, and the thermal radiation parameter drops the heat transfer rate up to 27 %. The wall shear stress is increased by 18 % and 31 % for Ellis’s fluid parameter and amplitude ratio, respectively. The size of the bolus is increased and decreased at the upper and lower wall of the tube respectively against the Ellis fluid parameter. The calculated results of the present study can be useful in understanding the role of ciliated and non-ciliated walls in peristaltic flows and how these are important in flow and heat transfer mechanisms.